Probability is the study of how likely an event is to happen. It is a way of quantifying uncertainty and helps us understand how often something might occur. In simple terms, it tells us the chances of something happening.

Probability is always a number between 0 and 1:

• 0 means that the event will definitely not happen.
• 1 means that the event will definitely happen.
• A probability of 0.5 means the event has an equal chance of happening or not happening (like flipping a fair coin).

The formula for calculating the probability of an event is: Probability of an event = (Number of favorable outcomes) / (Total number of possible outcomes)

Examples:

Example 1: Rolling a fair die
If you roll a fair 6-sided die, what is the probability of rolling a 3?
Step 1: The total number of possible outcomes is 6 (since there are 6 sides on the die).
Step 2: There is 1 favorable outcome (rolling a 3).
Probability = 1 / 6 ≈ 0.17 (or 17% chance).

Example 2: Flipping a coin
When you flip a fair coin, what is the probability of getting heads?
Step 1: The total number of possible outcomes is 2 (heads or tails).
Step 2: There is 1 favorable outcome (getting heads).
Probability = 1 / 2 = 0.5 (or 50% chance).

Basic probability is used in many real-life situations, such as predicting weather, determining game outcomes, or even understanding the likelihood of certain events happening.

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